Perseus Academic: When Money Dies by Adam Fergusson

When Money Dies is the classic history of what happens when a nation’s currency depreciates beyond recovery. In 1923, with its currency effectively worthless (the exchange rate in December of that year was one dollar to 4,200,000,000,000 marks), the German republic was all but reduced to a barter economy. Expensive cigars, artworks, and jewels were routinely exchanged for staples such as bread; a cinema ticket could be bought for a lump of coal; and a bottle of paraffin for a silk shirt. People watched helplessly as their life savings disappeared and their loved ones starved. Germany’s finances descended into chaos, with severe social unrest in its wake.

Money may no longer be physically printed and distributed in the voluminous quantities of 1923. However, “quantitative easing,” that modern euphemism for surreptitious deficit financing in an electronic era, can no less become an assault on monetary discipline. Whatever the reason for a country’s deficit—necessity or profligacy, unwillingness to tax or blindness to expenditure—it is beguiling to suppose that if the day of reckoning is postponed economic recovery will come in time to prevent higher unemployment or deeper recession. What if it does not? Germany in 1923 provides a vivid, compelling, sobering moral tale.

Adam Fergusson was born in Scotland in 1932. He graduated in history at Cambridge, and later became a journalist with the Glasglow Herald, the Statist, and The Times. He has been a Member of the European Parliament, a Special Adviser at the Foreign Office, a consultant on European affairs for international industry and commerce, and political advisor to Geoffrey Howe, Mrs. Thatcher's Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1979. He has written five books. A Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature, he lives in London.